Which Cranial Nerve Does Not Control Functions In The Head And Neck?

Definition
- What are cranial fretfulness?
Symptoms
- Signs and symptoms of cranial nerve disorders
Types
- Types of cranial nervus disorders
Causes
- Causes of cranial nerve disorders
Tests
- Tests for cranial nerve disorders
Handling
- Treatments for cranial nerve disorders
Eye
- What Are The 12 Cranial Nerves and Their Function? Center

What are cranial nerves?

The 12 cranial nerves extend from your brain and brain stem, responsible for helping you control different motor and sensory functions.

Twelve cranial fretfulness extend from your brain and brain stem, responsible for helping you control unlike motor and sensory functions. Cranial nerves facilitate advice between the brain and other parts of the trunk, mainly to the head and neck region.

Cranial nerves come in pairs on both sides of the brain and encephalon stem. Each one is numbered based on the place in the brain where they emerge, from front to back. When these fretfulness end up damaged and outset malfunctioning because of an illness or injury, it affects your body's ability to move and experience. Cranial nerve disorders are also called cranial neuropathies.

The 12 cranial nerves and their functions are:

Olfactory nerve — It controls your sense of odor.
Optic nerve — Information technology carries visual information from your retina to your brain.
Oculomotor nervus — It controls most of your center movements along with the way your pupil constricts and the ability to keep your eyelid open.
Trochlear nerve — Information technology feeds nerves to the major musculus effectually your eyes that controls how they rotate.
Trigeminal nerve — It provides sensation to your face and mouth along with motor control of their functions.
Abducens nerve — It feeds nerves to the lateral rectus muscles of the eyes that command their lateral movements.
Facial nerve — It controls muscles responsible for generating your facial expressions. It too provides taste sensations to 2-thirds of your tongue and mouth.
Vestibulocochlear nerve — It transmits sound and balance data from your inner ear to your brain.
Glossopharyngeal nerve — It takes in sensory information from your middle ear, tonsils, pharynx, and the rest of your natural language.
Vagus nervus — It is responsible for various tasks like sweating, your heart rate, muscle movements in your rima oris, and making sure your larynx remains open for breathing.
Spinal accessory — Information technology controls specific functions of your cervix and shoulders.
Hypoglossal nerve — Information technology controls your tongue movements for voice communication, eating, and swallowing.

Signs and symptoms of cranial nerve disorders

Cranial nerve issues tin evidence up in people of any age. The symptoms you might experience depends on each cranial nerve's function. Some of the most common signs that tin bespeak a cranial nerve disorder include:

Pain in different regions of the body
Tingling sensations in places like your arms, legs, or neck
Peel sensitivity when touched
Vertigo
Hearing loss
Loss of smell
Inability to control your facial expression
Issues with speech
Problem swallowing
Weakened or paralyzed muscles

Types of cranial nerve disorders

Some examples of mutual disorders that are related to your cranial nerves include:

Trigeminal neuralgia

This condition results from a malfunctioning of the trigeminal cranial nerve. You feel severe facial hurting, typically due to an artery'due south abnormal positioning that puts pressure on the nerve. Information technology can experience like brusk bursts of stabbing pain in the lower office of your face up.

Bell palsy

You typically experience paralysis or weakness on one side of their confront when the facial cranial nervus stops functioning correctly. Bell palsy, or Bell'south palsy, can be brought on by an immune disorder or a viral infection. You may lose the power to gustatory modality things with the front of your tongue on the side of your face that is affected.

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Damage to the lower role of the brain stem can atomic number 82 to bug with your horizontal center movement, sometimes leading to double vision. This cranial nerve disorder commonly occurs when there is an injury to the fibers connecting the oculomotor nervus, the trochlear nerve, and the abducens nerve. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia often occurs in people who've had a stroke or in younger people with multiple sclerosis.

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Causes of cranial nerve disorders

Various weather can atomic number 82 to problems in how cranial nerves part, including:

Injuries to the head
Infections like Lyme disease and shingles
Tumors
Lack of blood supply
Pressure placed on the nerve
Medical disorders that cause deterioration of the nerve cells, like multiple sclerosis
Disorders that cause inflammation in your claret vessels
Toxins like mercury
Certain medications

Tests for cranial nerve disorders

The kind of test requested by your doc will depend on your symptoms. Tests typically performed to diagnose neuropathy include:

A neurological exam to cheque your reflexes, sensations, residuum, and mental state
An electromyogram (EMG) to measure out the level of electric action in your muscles when they are active and at rest
Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans that permit doctors to get an image of your brain
Skin and nerve biopsies to check the extent of damage to your cranial nerves function
Hearing tests
Angiography to get pictures of your middle and blood vessels

Treatments for cranial nervus disorders

Some cranial nerve disorders can articulate upwards on their own. Other recommendations from your medical provider might include medication for treating the symptoms of your neuropathy. They may as well recommend surgical intervention to repair damage. Cranial nerve disorders can crusade extensive damage so information technology is important to become tested and become treatment.

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Medically Reviewed on 1/4/2021

References

Johns Hopkins Medicine: "Multiple Cranial Neuropathies."

Merck Manual: "Bong Palsy."

Merck Transmission: "Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia."

Merck Manual: "Overview of the Cranial Fretfulness."

Merck Manual: "Trigeminal Neuralgia."

Penn Medicine: "Cranial Nerve Disorders: Conditions and Diagnosis."

UC Davis LibreTexts: "Cursory Overview of Cranial Nerves."